https://todayschool.es/grammar/grammar-practice-clauses-of-purpose-and-contrast/
Thursday, 30 March 2023
Thursday, 9 March 2023
Thursday, 2 March 2023
THE PASSIVE
The passive voice is made with the different tenses of the verb to be + a past participle.
Present Simple: The sauce is made of oranges.
Present Continuous: Seven hundred staff are being made redundant.
Past Simple: It was invented in 1938 by Chester Carlson.
Present Perfect: All the money in the safe has been stolen.
Past Continuous: The factory was being built when I last came here.
Future with will: A weak signal will be emitted.
Future with going to: A division is going to be sold.
Modals: My boss may be given a pay rise this year.
- Verbs with two objects.
Verbs which have two objects can be made passive in two ways:
I was handed a note. / A note was handed to me.
Other common verbs of this type are: bring, give, lend, pass, pay promise, sell, send, show, tell.
- Verb with object and complement.
Some verbs have a noun or adjective which describes their object:
We elected him class representative.
Everyone considered him a failure.
When these are made passive, the complement goes directly after the verb:
Jim was elected class representative.
He was considered a failure.
Uses of the passive:
- When you do not know who or what does the action.
The cable TV is connected to our phone.
The eggs are made of chocolate.
- When you are not interested in who or what does something:
All the electrical appliances were shut down.
- When you want to take away the focus of personal responsibility, especially in sales brochures and product information to give an official tone.
It is believed that the fault will be repaired in due course.
We usually begin a passive sentence with the known information and end the sentence with the new information. You can use a passive infinitive as the subject of a sentence for emphasis.
To be connected by e-mail is not very sociable.
You can use a passive infinitive without to after modal verbs.
The Internet should be controlled by the government.
- To describe processes.
The data has to be collected, then it’s analyzed, and finally the results are published.
- When you have a generalized agent.
If the subject is ‘people in general’ or ‘you’, the agent is not mentioned.
Bicycles are widely used in the city instead of public transport.
Uses of the passive Gerund:
- As the subject of a sentence.
Being connected to an e-mail system is very useful.
- As the object of a sentence.
Most people like being contacted by e-mail.
- With a preposition.
People are afraid of being censored by the government.
Revision
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/passive-reporting-verbs/
https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/passive-voice/pa002-incident-in-the-sky.htm
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/upperint/grammar/grammar_06_012e?cc=global&selLanguage=en
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/distancing/
Thursday, 16 February 2023
VOCABULARY PRACTICE ON CONFUSING VERBS
https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/359.html
https://usefulenglish.ru/vocabulary/synonyms-exercise-seven
https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/385.html
https://www.autoenglish.org/gr.seem.i.htm
https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/vocabulary/esl-tell-speak-say-talk1.html
https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/327.html
https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/279.html
Thursday, 2 February 2023
Friday, 27 January 2023
PERFECT AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND THE -ING FORM
The perfect infinitive has the following structure: (to) have + past participle. For example: to have missed, to have written, to have worked, to have left etc. The perfect infinitive often refers to things that might have happened in the past:
You seem to have annoyed him
But perfect infinitive can also refer to something that will be completed at a point in the future:
We hope to have finished the car repair by the end of May.
A perfect infinitive is an infinitive in the form of “to have + past participle”. It is mainly used after some verbs to emphasize that something happened in the past.
She seems to be very optimistic.
She seems to have been very optimistic.
The perfect infinitive also appears in the passive voice:
He is supposed to have met the American president.
Mia is considered to have been the best manager of the company.
The perfect infinitive continuous is an infinitive in the form of “to have been + verb + ing”. It is used after some verbs to emphasize that something happened in a particular moment in the past.
He seems to have waited for a long time.
When I saw him, he seemed to have been waiting for somebody.
She pretended to have been reading, but in fact, she was listening to their conversation.
The passive infinitive is used in some constructions of the passive voice and is common after modal verbs. We use the passive infinitive when we want to focus on the receiver, or when we do not want to mention the agent (the person who does the action):
The carpet needs to be washed.
These doors should be shut at night.
He is going to be interviewed tomorrow.
The passive perfect infinitive form is used to talk about the past.
The corporation may have been sold last week.
We should have been told about the dangers.
The passive -ing form is used to express a continuous action.
I don’t like being cheated.
He remembers being given the
I don’t like being cheated.
He remembers being given the
A passive gerund is a verb with -ing ending in the passive voice. It may appear in one of two forms: present (e.g. being shown) and past (e.g. having been shown).
I remember being taken to the hospital.
I hate being spoken to as if I’m a child.
He showed no signs of having been warned.
The notice, having been written in small letters, was not clearly visible.
I remember being taken to the hospital.
I hate being spoken to as if I’m a child.
He showed no signs of having been warned.
The notice, having been written in small letters, was not clearly visible.
Revision
Thursday, 19 January 2023
USED TO, WOULD, BE/GET USED TO
When we talk about things that happened in the past but don’t happen anymore we can do it in different ways.
Used to
We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
There didn’t use to be a petrol station there. When was it built?
We can use ‘used to’ to talk about past states ….
I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
I used to smoke but I gave up a few years ago.
… or we can use ‘used to’ to talk about repeated past actions
Remember that ‘used to’ is only for past states/actions that don’t happen now – we can’t use it for things that still happen now. Also, ‘used to + infinitive’ should not be confused with ‘be/get used to + ‘ing’ form’ – this is covered in a separate section.
Would
Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride.
My teachers would always say “Sit down and shut up!”
We can use ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.
Often either ‘would’ or ‘used to’ is possible. Both of these sentences are possible.
Every Saturday, I would go on a long bike ride.
Every Saturday I used to go on a long bike ride.
However, only ‘used to’ is possible when we talk about past states.
We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
We would live in New York when I was a kid.
Past simple
We went/used to go/would go to the same beach every summer.
We can use the past simple in the same way as ‘used to’ and ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.
I had/used to have a dog called Charlie.
We can also use the past simple for past states.
I went to Egypt in 1988.
However, if something happened only once we can’t use ‘used to’ or ‘would’ – we must use the past simple.
be used to and get used to
Be used to means 'be familiar with' or 'be accustomed to'.
She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.
He wasn't used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.
I'm a teacher so I'm used to speaking in public.
We use get used to to talk about the process of becoming familiar with something.
I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I'll get used to it soon.
It took my mother years to get used to living in London after moving from Pakistan.
I'm getting used to the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in.
Be used to and get used to are followed by a noun, pronoun or the -ing form of a verb, and can be used about the past, present or future.
Revision
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